Chord vs. Cord How to Choose the Right Word

The words chord and cord are homophones: They sound alike but have different meanings. Theyre among the word pairs in English that are commonly confused, and their spellings have even flip-flopped throughout the centuries. For our purposes in this millennium, though, a chord with an h is a simultaneous playing of notes or a math term, and a cord is a rope or cable—among other meanings. How to Use Chord The noun chord is a musical term and refers to three or more notes sounded together (some musicians might argue for two notes sounded together also being labeled a chord). People play a chord progression, and hard rock guitarists string together some power chords in their riffs. It can be used as a gerund (nouns formed from verbs), referring to the playing of chords, as in Her transposed chording sounded lovely. It can also be used as a verb, meaning to harmonize, as in Your plan chords with [works well with] our overall system. The word comes from the Greek term khordÄ“, which originally referred to the catgut strings on an instrument. Chord also refers to an emotion or disposition (to strike a chord). In mathematics, a chord is a line that joins two points on a curve or circle. It originally came from the Latin term chorda. How to Use Cord The noun cord refers to a rope or a bond, an insulated electrical cable, or an anatomical structure (e.g., vocal cords or umbilical cord). A cord of wood is a rectangular pile of wood 4 feet wide, 4 feet high, and 8 feet long. (Originally it was a quantity that could be tied with a cord.) It can also be used as a verb meaning to stack wood in a cord or to tie something with a cord, though not all dictionaries have usage of this word as a verb. Examples Here are some examples that show the words differences in meaning: One of the most iconic and instantly recognizable chords in rock n roll is the opening to the Beatles song, A Hard Days Night.The candidates policy on health care struck a chord with voters. It especially resonated with middle-class moms.Her chording sounded sublime.Her current activities chord with the companys mission.The singer took lessons to learn how to perform professionally and not strain his vocal cords.Has anyone seen my phone chargers cord?He corded that wood.She corded the roman shade after she finished sewing it. How to Remember the Difference If you need a trick to remember the difference between the two words, think of the fact that musical chords are played in harmony, and both of these words contain the letter h. A cord is a rope, and both cord and rope have only four letters. Practice A wireless mouse operates without a _____ by transmitting radio frequency signals.Jackson sat down at the grand piano and played a major _____. Answers A wireless mouse operates without a  cord  by transmitting radio frequency signals.Jackson sat down at the grand piano and played a major  chord. Sources Chord. English Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press.Chord. Marriam Webster, Merriam Webster.Cord. English Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press.Cord vs. Chord: What’s the Difference? Writing Explained.Strike a Chord. Cambridge Dictionary.

Essay on Trisomy 2 A Gift or a Curse - 878 Words

More often than not, children diagnosed with Down syndrome get viewed as lesser of a human being than an average person. Why is that? Is it because of their looks or IQ? Is appearing different really all that different? By taking a look into what Down syndrome is, how it affects them and those around them, and how it can be treated will prove they have the potential to do more than an average person. To completely understand the concept of Down syndrome, one must understand what it is. Down syndrome, the leading factor of cognitive impairment, is a genetic disorder where three chromosomes 21 are inherited. In other words, a person with a disorder of Down syndrome receives an extra set of chromosome 21. Studies have shown, about 95%, on†¦show more content†¦Due to the lack of development, people who are experiencing this disorder may have multiple health concerns such as leukemia, a heart defect, and gastrointestinal problems (Med net). How can one know if they will conceive a child with trisomy 21? As it was stated earlier, the Down syndrome disorder is genetic, but, in truth, the risk of conceiving a Down syndrome child increases with age. Studies have been conducted about the risk a pregnant woman having a child with trisomy 21. At twenty-five years old, one out of 1,250 people conceive a child with trisomy 21; whereas, in twenty years the chances of conceiving a child with trisomy 21 is one out of thirty. After conceiving a child who has been diagnosed with Down syndrome, the parents automatically increases the chance by one percent of conceiving another child with Down syndrome (Med net). People who are diagnosed with Down syndrome often get misjudged by stereotypes. In reality, they are more capable of performing to their full potential (Wurst). Adults who are suffering from trisomy 21 live a semi-independent lifestyle. They contribute to the community and give more input than anyone else (Med net). Due to a lot of employer’s inability to h ire people who have Down syndrome the people with this disorder who want to work tend to have a better work ethic. Since they have this disability, they acquire

Case Study of Bg Group Free Essays

A. METHODOLOGIES: 1. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Approach: This method offers a wide range of advantages. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Study of Bg Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) is employed in the calculation of the Cost of Equity. Thus, the discounted rate of 7. 58 percent used in figure 1. 12 Appendix is likely to be precise. The total value of the firm is $4. 73 billion. Nonetheless, in view of the probabilities of forecasting errors in the estimation of cash flows, the degree of precision does not guarantee an accurate result. Another drawback of the approach would be the failure to allow for the impacts of real options available to management on future cash flows. Hence, this method is considered as an alternative for crosschecking. The assumptions are the dividends grow constantly in perpetuity at 3 percent and the debt ratio is also constant at 28. 1 percent. For further analysis, please refer to item 2a and 3c in the Appraisal. 2. The EBIT Multiples Approach: Under this methodology, the debt-equity ratio was not required. Thus, the value of the firm is approximately $4. 3 billion after liquidity discount was taken into account. This yields an insignificantly different result compared to the result under the WACC method. However, since the average EBIT multiples strongly depend on the comparable companies in the industry, reliable information is less likely to be available in practice. Therefore, another approach is employed. 3. Adjusted Present Value (APV) Approach: The APV method is more complicated t han two methods mentioned earlier inasmuch as it takes account of unlevered value of the firm and the interest tax shield. Recent complexity of the method notwithstanding, APV provides management with an explicit valuation of interest tax shield and an assumption of constant debt-equity ratio is unnecessary. According to figure 1. 10, the total value of the firm before synergies is $5. 02 billion. Nonetheless, this method ignores the costs of financial distress, which might lead to an overvaluation of the firm with a significantly high debt ratio. 4. Conclusion: Under different methods employed above, the range of difference appears to be immaterial. Thus, the value of the firm before synergies is expected to be approximately $4. 89 billion on average. For the purpose of consistency, APV method is selected for further analysis of the value of the firm both before and after synergies. B. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: 1. Free Cash Flows (FCFs) Valuation: The present value of the cash flows is calculated based on the WACC rate and it is estimated at $1. 28 billion. The rate is used by reason of the assumption of different components, for instance cost of equity and cost of debt. For further information of the assumption, please refer to the Appraisal. . Terminal Values and Long-term Growth: The terminal value before synergies is $3. 45 billion whereas this amount after synergies is $8. 36 billion. In details, the synergies revenues and the backhaul synergies savings are the major contributors to the significant difference. Additionally, the terminal value represents the market value of free cash flows from AirThread Connections at all future dates. This, thereby, lends the analyst the plausibility to believe that the discounted rate is equal to the WACC rate of 7. 58 percent. Lastly, to be conservative, that is, in the worst scenario, the figure of growth rate obtained in the Appraisal is around 3. 0 percent. 3. Non-operating Investment in Equity Affiliates: This amount of $1. 72 billion is equal to Equity in Earnings of Affiliates times the historic P/E multiple for the industry at 19. 1. These investments are valued under the market multiple approach because a thorough due diligence is not possible to be conducted. 4. Value of Operating Assets: This value is equivalent to the present value of the target company on a going concern basis. It is estimated at $5. 02 billion before the synergies and at $10. 38 billion after the synergies. However, since the value of non-operating assets is not taken into account, the total value of the target company is not fully reflected. 5. Enterprise Value: The Enterprise value is equal to the sum of the value of operating assets and the value of nonoperating assets. i. Before Synergies: In this case, the synergies related business revenues and the backhaul synergies savings are not considered. The FCFs ppear to be more immaterial accordingly. It, therefore, leads to a lower Intermediate Term Value of $1. 57 billion and a lower Enterprise Value of $6. 74 billion. ii. After Synergies: With the effect of synergies, the FCFs and, thus, the Enterprise Value of $12. 1 billion appear to be more material. Importantly, the significant difference is contributed by the cost-saving efficiency in backhaul costs and the network utilization. Thus, more advantages would occur. Firstly, administrati ve expenses such as auditing fees are reduced. Secondly, the market share will, in essence, increase and monopoly gains due to large regional client bases from the target company could be expected. The company will be able to set a higher price and to increase a sheer volume of sales. Also, the company will gain more reputation and the cost of capital will be lower accordingly. Lastly, due to its new size, the company will have more bargain power and the relationships with banking entities will be better. Consequently, the cost of borrowing tends to decrease. How to cite Case Study of Bg Group, Free Case study samples

Managing Strategic Resources & Operations Guan Hin Coffee Singapore

Question: Discuss about the Managing Strategic Resources Operations for Guan Hin Coffee Singapor. Answer: Introduction Guan Hin Coffee Singapore is one of the best companies in the country for manufacturing coffee powder. In the present study, the company is chosen to understand the day-to day operations along with the supply chain management. Guan Hin Coffee is a small company with limited presence in entire Singapore. However, the company is taking the special steps that are required to enhance the operations and supply chain management. This would help the company to increase customer base and satisfaction (Kolk, 2013). Finally, the steps would lead to ultimate shareholders satisfaction. Day-to-day operations The everyday operations of the company include checking few of the essential operations. These are the basic strategies, which the company uses to generate better revenue and to increase their customers. The initial duty in the operations is to manage customers transactions. This is ensured through proper and effective customer interaction everyday to meet the customers desire (Talbot, 2015). In order to foster, the growth of the coffee business Guan Hin Coffee looks after every customer engagement precisely to meet their expectations. The next initiative taken by Guan Hin Coffee is to maintain their everyday quality. The company ensures this with the help of TQM that is total quality management. The employees of the company take the step to make the environment friendly. This includes managing the daily requirements like meeting the customers with a friendly and chatty mood (Parthanadee Buddhakulsomsiri, 2014). The coffee company has been one of the best in creating an operation where visitors or customers can have a tour to know about the details. The manger and the administrators make a note of the production and the inventory management on everyday basis. This helps the organisation to track the supply. Profit maximization is done with the help of different ranges of products that would suit the needs of the customers (Bendoly, van Wezel Bachrach, 2015). Operations of the company also include the day to- day vigilance of understanding the wants of the coffee lover (Kolk, 2013). Guan Hin Coffee being one of the major coffee manufacturers assures premium quality of coffee production. In case of the management process the company, make use of few managerial concepts that assures the increase in coffee production. Operating performance, quality management, productivity, social management and environmental performance includes all the essential activities of the company (Horvat, Antic Jeremic, 2015). Operating performance- One of the key parts of the operating performance of the company is to understand the line between the demand and supply. The company takes care of the supply as per the demand. This helps in maintaining the balance of the inventory management (Panusa et al., 2013). This is an everyday process that is looked after by the company authorities on daily basis. This also helps in maintaining the fresh quality of the products. Quality management- The management of quality is one of the basic duties that are channeled by the authorities and the employees. This is done with the help of few steps like customer focus, commitment, culture and control. The merits of TQM include making the company a well-known name in the industry along with an integrated teamwork (Alusa Kariuki, 2015). Total quality management is one of the effective methods that would help in meeting the specific customer needs. Productivity- In case of production the company ensures that hygiene is maintained on daily basis. Productivity is ensured with the help of sustained management commitment (Pagell Shevchenko, 2014). Guan Hin Coffee maintains production with the retention of value improvement. This is one of the necessary steps for the company for bench marking. Social management- Guan Hin Coffee takes the necessary step for managing the social management. The company publishes the important information of the social media that helps customers to receive the important information. They use social advertisement to attract new customers and shareholders. Sites like Facebook help the company to interact with the valuable and potential customers. The interaction on the social media creates the interest of the shareholders like the customers (Beske, Land Seuring, 2014). Social management is helpful in letting customers know about special offers of ranges that the company can manufacture. Regular interaction with the shareholders through social media is one of the necessities to foster business prospects (Pagell Shevchenko, 2014). Environmental performance- This is one of the basic case that can change the daily endeavour of the company to improve their CSR activities. The company must take care that the production is through the right measures without any material that can hamper the environment or earth (Katsikopoulos Gigerenzer, 2013). This would be beneficial for the maintaining the picture of Guan Hin Coffee at the same time taking the sustainable measures effectively. Supply chain management Supply chain management of the coffee production includes meeting few of the basic steps that is helpful in maintaining the quality of production. The initial step of the coffee production includes the cultivation of green coffee. This agricultural phase is effective in initiating the process of coffee production (Karjalainen Moxham, 2013). The next step in the supply chain process is the roasted coffee production. This phase is followed by processing phase and finally the distribution phase. The distribution or the transportation helps in reaching the coffee to the company. Guan Hin Coffee takes care of the above steps religiously. The employees and the authorities put the entire process under surveillance so that consumers receive the best coffee powder (Parthanadee Buddhakulsomsiri, 2014). In the agricultural phase or the initial stage, few sub sections are taken care of the company as part of effective supply chain management. Typology or plantation is largely a decisive factor in the quality of coffee beans (Kolk, 2013). Guan Hin Coffee takes the step to harvest the coffee with the use of proper sorting and cleaning. The sorting of the coffee beans help the company to meet particular demands of the customers (Dabbene, Gay Tortia, 2014). It is also notes that the company takes special care while packaging the product. This helps in ensuring that the flavor and the hygiene of the coffee powder are maintained throughout until consumption (Alusa Kariuki, 2015). The company gives a tour to the interested customers to let them know about the entire supply chain process and the positive measures that they take to ensure selling. Guan Hin Coffee mostly sale their product to the local customers that help them to maintain the coffee culture that Singapore is trying to retain over the years. However, the packaging of the company is through aluminum cans and papers that maintain the taste even for the local people. In between, the coffee production and the consumption process Guan Hin Coffee need to look after some other steps. This includes maintain healthy relationship with the government and to trade as per the law (Beske, Land Seuring, 2014). Apart from this, the company needs to maintain positive relationship with the shareholders like dealers. In case of exportation of the coffee powder, the organisation has to look after lawful trade that is would help in enhancing the face value of the company (Horvat, Antic Jeremic, 2015). Guan Hin Coffee always tries to maintain long-term relationships with its shareholders. Hence, quality management plays a pivotal role that increases the chance of retail business (Katsikopoulos Gigerenzer, 2013). They are trying to meet international customers to build international buying-selling relationships. They also took their business to the large supermarkets, small independent retailers and hotels. There is a constant effort that is taken by Guan Hin Coffee to make customers appreciate the effort of premium coffee. Time and ingredients are the most important thing. The company can must look into aspects like logistics, demand management, procurement and preferential pricing. These are parts of supply chain management, which would help the company grow in near future with better customer retention prospects. Conclusion In the above regard, it might be concluded that the operations and the supply chain management of the company has been effective. However, the company is a small concern and it should take every interest and aspect to make it larger. This would help in a process that is well coordinated and integrated. Guan Hin Coffee is a manufacturing company. The organisation can think of opening its own chain of coffee bars and cafeterias like the Starbucks. This would help the company sell its own product along with better revenue generation. Apart from this, the company must also take further steps to make the retail selling international. Apart from selling the coffee powder, the company can make a range of products like premium gifts that would help in increasing the customer base. In the present scenario, the company is located at one place of Singapore. It can take further steps to have more presence around the country. The relationship with local markets would be fostered through such move . Guan Hin Coffee is one of the coffee producing companies that must enter into the competitive sphere to introduce premium range of coffee experience. Reference Alusa, K., Kariuki, A. (2015). Human resource management practices, employee outcome and performance of Coffee Research Foundation, Kenya. Bendoly, E., van Wezel, W., Bachrach, D. G. (2015).The handbook of behavioral operations management: Social and psychological dynamics in production and service settings. Oxford University Press. Beske, P., Land, A., Seuring, S. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics,152, 131-143. Dabbene, F., Gay, P., Tortia, C. (2014). Traceability issues in food supply chain management: A review.Biosystems Engineering,120, 65-80. Horvat, A., Antic, S., Jeremic, V. (2015). A New Perspective on Quality Characteristics Determining Supply Chain Management of Coffee Production.Engineering Economics,26(3), 239-244. Karjalainen, K., Moxham, C. (2013). Focus on Fairtrade: Propositions for integrating Fairtrade and supply chain management research.Journal of business ethics,116(2), 267-282. Katsikopoulos, K. V., Gigerenzer, G. (2013). Behavioral operations management: A blind spot and a research program.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(1), 3-7. Kolk, A. (2013). Mainstreaming sustainable coffee.Sustainable Development,21(5), 324-337. Pagell, M., Shevchenko, A. (2014). Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 44-55. Panusa, A., Zuorro, A., Lavecchia, R., Marrosu, G., Petrucci, R. (2013). Recovery of natural antioxidants from spent coffee grounds.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,61(17), 4162-4168. Parthanadee, P., Buddhakulsomsiri, J. (2014). Production efficiency improvement in batch production system using value stream mapping and simulation: a case study of the roasted and ground coffee industry.Production Planning Control,25(5), 425-446. Talbot, J. (2015). Information, finance, and the new international inequality: the case of coffee.journal of world-systems research,8(2), 215-250.

WordPress Print Button How to Add One and Be Printer-Friendly

Looking to add a WordPress print button to your site? Despite the trend towards making everything digital, there are still some people (and sites) that benefit from the more physical medium that is ink and paper.In this post, youll learn some of the reasons your site might benefit from a print button. Then, well take you through how to add a print button to your site, as well as some tips for making sure your WordPress site is actually printer-friendly. A visitor wants to distribute the article to multiple people and make sure they all have a copy. This is often standard protocol during business meetings when an article is expected  to be read and not simply scanned over as an email attachment.Someone is using your post to give a speech or while conducting an interview. During face-to-face interactions, its far easier to flip through sheets of paper than it is to hope that a URL loads on your phone.Your reader wants to sit down and read from a piece of paper. Many of the guides you find online are extremely long-winded. Some people find it easier on the eyes to have physical paper.Basically, if you write especially lengthy and detailed posts, write instructions for physical tasks, or write things for people who might not have an Internet connection (like travelers), a WordPress print button can come in handy.How to check if your website is printer-friendlyBefore going out of your way to add a WordPress print button, you should check if your WordPress theme is already printer-friendly.To do so, right-click on the page youd like to print out.This reveals the standard print module for your browser, with a preview of what the printed page is going to look like. If youre seeing the blog post exactly as it appears on the screen (e.g. with sidebars, navigation menu items, and header images), your site isnt printer-friendly. Heres an example:If the print preview for your site already looks great, you should consider whether or not you actually need a WordPress print button. Most browsers let visitors print by right-clicking so if the printed version of your page already looks great, that might be enough for you.If not, the WordPress print button plugin that we use will make sure your content is printer-friendly. And it will also add a button that makes things more obvious for your readers, which is helpful for certain sites.How to add a WordPress print button to your websiteBefore going out and getting a new plugin, I recommend checking your dashboard to see if you already have a social sharing plugin installed. Some plugins, like the Shareaholic Social Buttons, already give you a print button that you activate right next to your social sharing buttons. Its not as clearly noticeable as a regular Print button, but it does the trick.If your social sharing plugin doesnt have that capability, its time to find a lightweight plugin for adding a WordPress print button. The great thing about this process is it only takes a few seconds to complete. Aft er that, youre opening up printing features for all of those people who need it.Step 1: Install the  PDF Print by BestWebSoft pluginInstall and activate the  PDF Print by BestWebSoft plugin on your WordPress website. PDF Print by BestWebSoft Author(s): BestWebSoftCurrent Version: 2.2.0Last Updated: October 15, 2019pdf-print.2.2.0.zip 82%Ratings 337,126Downloads WP 4.0+Requires After that, youll find a PDF Print tab in your dashboard. Click on the Settings to configure your print button.Step 2: Choose where to activate your print buttonBy default, the Print and PDF buttons are added to all pages. However, I would most likely only include them on my blog posts. You might be different, so go to the Settings and check off which items you want to show PDF and Print buttons. You can also designate a location for the buttons. For this example, I choose the top right.Step 3: Set your button imagesIf you scroll down, youll see a Button Image headline. Choose the default image s, or upload your own. You can also specify a button title.Step 4: Consider some other optional settingsThats pretty much all you have to do here. However, you might want to have PDFs download for users instead of open in a browser tab.You can also change the PDF page size under the Output tab.Step 5: Test the WordPress print buttonOnce you save your changes, go to the frontend of a blog post to see your PDF and Print buttons.Give the print button a click ideally, it should create a clean, easy-to-read version of your site:Does your site have a print button?If so, good for you! Youve completed a simple task that could potentially make many of your visitors lives easier. If not, consider adding that simple little button when you have the time. Its not essential. Its not going to make or break your blog, but there are plenty of situations where people might want to print out your articles.Have any questions about adding a print button to your WordPress site? Let us know in the commen ts! Learn how to add a #WordPress print button to your site using a free plugin #tutorial

The Hurricanes Importance essays

The Hurricane's Importance essays 4. Evaluate this movie. What qualities does it have that make if effective or ineffective for you as a viewer? Give specific examples from the movie to support your reasons for your evaluation. The Hurricane has proved itself as an effective movie for all people including me as a viewer through its simple portrayal of lifes balance of good and evil. The choice of actors as characters, an internal battle and ability to relate show the on going war between the two extremes embodied in a movie. The Hurricanes story begins as three white patrons in a predominately white section of New Jersey are murdered in a bar during the tumultuous growing pains of the 60s. Rueben Hurricane Carter was in the prime of his boxing career. He was in simple words a bad, bad man in the ring. He had fought his way back from an uncertain childhood and an abusive period in the State of New Jerseys penal institutions for young men. Beset upon by a racist police officer intent on hanging him out to dry, Rueben had overcome these obstacles and many more to become an internationally known boxer. And in a moment, all his success and all of his achievements would be stolen by a system bent on prejudice and fueled by hatred. The witnesses to the murders said two black men in a white car committed the crime. It just so happened that Rueben and his driver for the evening John Artis, were returning home after an evening of relaxation and celebration at a local nightclub in a white sedan. Detained by the police, Rueben and John were taken to the hospital where one of the victims was being treated. When asked if Rueben and John were the men who did the shooting, the victim clearly said "no", however, racist officers intent on blaming anyone black for the murder pressed the man until they got the answers they wanted. Incredibly, the two, Rueben and Artis, are charged with murder, tried by an all-White bigoted jury and...

Describe why high constraint research is needed to determine Essay

Describe why high constraint research is needed to determine causeandeffect relationships and why variability is critical in aiding in this determination - Essay Example This is because it indemnifies that if a supposed cause is purposely influenced and, thereby, precedes the observed effect incorporate procedures that help finding out if the cause is connected to the effect incorporate methods or not. This helps in reducing and evaluating the influence of inappropriate factors that could create the effect supposed to be attributed to the cause. High constraint research has helped in controlling extraneous variances. To control external influences the subjects are separated into an experimental and a control group. This control group helps in comparing the data and it remains ideal. It also assigns random units to situations to give variability to the situation. This variability helps in determining the causes and effect of the situation if it appears in a different way. For example while performing an experiment different control or variables are taken to ensure the perfect conclusion in different situations. By further comparing the results the tre atment effects are determined. It takes the overall view of a situation and then derives its constants. All the values or situations are put together and the research is conducted. This research helps to forecast the consequences of future cause and effect relationships. Performing experiments is one form of High constraint research. "The experiment provides the most rigorous test for

Does the Law of Torts consist of a fundamental general principle that Assignment

Does the Law of Torts consist of a fundamental general principle that it is wrongful to cause harm to other persons in the abse - Assignment Example Developments in common law support the latter perspective. Earlier cases on negligence supported the first view but latter trends in jurisprudence reinforced the second perspective. A core principle in tort law is the non-materiality of intent or motive. The rationale for this principle is the prevention of the danger posed in leaving the jury with the responsibility of determining the liability of the defendant based on their views towards the propriety or wrongfulness of the defendant’s motives, especially since it is difficult to determine the motives of the defendant. (Cohen and Cohen 211) This principle developed from several cases. In The Mayor of Bradford v. Pickles, the court held that an improper or even malicious motive that causes damage but is not against the law is not actionable. The court rejected the claim of the plaintiffs because diverting underground water, regardless of intent, is within the property rights of the defendant and therefore legal. The same pri nciple has been reiterated in Allen v. Flood and Abbott v. Sullivan. Non-materiality of intent coincides with the second perspective. The first perspective expresses the general rule on tort liability subject only to negation by a justification or excuse. ... The claimant has to focus on showing that the action of the defendant falls under the actionable acts. The act itself is material and the intent is not, so that the second perspective aligns with the principle of non-materiality of intent. The law of torts comprise of a set of rules that establish particular types of harm or injury. As such, liability for tort only ensues when the action of the defendant is proven to fall within this set of rules. (Cohen and Cohen 211) Chapter 32 of the Torts Act 1977 defines the actions considered as wrongful interference with goods, which are â€Å"(1) conversion of goods, (2) trespass to foods, (3) negligence that results in damage to goods or to an interest in goods, and (4) subject to section 2, any other torts so far as it results in damages or to an interest†. The Occupier’s Liability Acts of 1956 and 1984 describes the minimum duty of care towards people’s safety of an occupier (e.g. shop owner, land tenant), who invites other people into the premises or has trespassers. Tort law provisions set the coverage of actionable wrongs to the exemption of all uncovered actions. Liability does not accrue for actions not falling under the forms of wrongful interference with goods and duty of care towards people’s safety is not enforceable in other circumstances apart from what was described by law. As such, tort law expresses the second perspective since it involves a set of specific rules citing harmful activity to the exclusion of other acts. The specific rules in tort law require that the primary question asked is whether the injury claimed by the plaintiff falls within the specific forms of harmful activity (Cohen and Cohen 211). Again, this expresses the second perspective. If tort

Discussion Forum #2 - Do Human Races Exist Assignment

Discussion Forum #2 - Do Human Races Exist - Assignment Example ans that the races can be viewed both as a biological construct that focuses on low levels of genetic diversity of humans, the clinical distribution of human characteristics, the non-concordance of human traits as well as the greater polymorphic as opposed to polytypic variants. In the case of cultural construct, it is arguable that the concept of race simply exists in the minds of different people. The anthropologists, therefore, believe that race cannot be solely explained through biology but by the understanding of the how individuals use the external attributes of humans to link them to different genetic traits that classify humans. This explains that it is extremely practical to understand the concept of race by assessing how humans create different groups in the society and how they strive to identify with these groups. Racial identification is evident in the different group interactions (Audio lecture 2015). It is, therefore, worth to conclude that an understanding of relations of different people in relation to culture as well as understanding of their physical characteristics is extremely vital and useful in the study pf races as compared to applying biological concepts. For instance, race is non-concordant since it is not correlated to bodily attributes such as skin color, weight or height. Race is also clinally invariant since we cannot trace its onset or its

Aristotle Ethics Of Happiness Philosophy Essay

Aristotle Ethics Of Happiness Philosophy Essay In Ethics, Aristotle argues the highest end is the human good, and claims that the highest end pursued in action is happiness. Aristotle also claims that happiness is achieved only by living a virtuous life our definition is in harmony with those who say that happiness is virtue, or a particular virtue; because an activity in accordance with virtue implies virtue. Indeed, we may go further and assert that anyone who does not delight in fine actions is not even a good man.(Aristotle) The virtuous life is full of reasoning for the good. Good is complete and most choice worthy. It is the human good in life that expresses virtue. Happiness is an essential aspect of Aristotles philosophy because for him it was an activity of the soul which attained at a high level of excellence refined over the span of a complete life that accords with virtue. The concept of virtue for Aristotle was anything that makes something good. The good is the result of what someone rationally aims for. If someone performs a job or a task that it is meant to be done and does it well, then it has good virtue. It is specifically the ability to use reason that sets humans apart from the other mammals and creatures. According to Aristotle, human virtue means virtue of the soul and not the body, just like human happiness means happiness of the soul. Virtue of humans also will be the state of character which makes them good and which makes them do their own work well. It is a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean relative to us. Such a mean is determined by a rational principles and reasoning, and it is by reasoning that a wise human will determine it. Happiness in general terms is a belief, an idea and a theory. Just like other theories, beliefs, and ideas may have fallacies, the theory of happiness might too. According to Aristotle happiness is an end, an end result of all the things a person does. Most of our acts are committed for a reason to achieve something else, but happiness is different. Aristotle believes that searching for happiness is for being happy only and not for something else. A happy man is the man that thinks he has everything he really needs. He has those virtues in which he needs to realize his potentials. Once realizing his potentials heà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s able to achieve happiness. Thatà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“s why Aristotle said that the happy man wants nothing more. Happiness is sought-after in itself and never for the sake of something else. Happiness meets Aristotles criteria for completeness viz. An end pursued in itself, we say, is more complete than an end pursued because of some thing else. (Aristotle) Happiness, according to him is just as self-sufficient as good, because both make life choice worthy. Apart from being chosen for themselves honor, pleasure and wealth, are also chosen for the sake of happiness, judging that by means of them we shall be happy. Desires compiled of wealth, honor, and power are good but, they do not lead to happiness because they are superficial. Happiness, on the other hand, is not chosen or searched for, for the sake of these, or, for anything other than itself. Happiness is something final and self-sufficient. This leads Aristotle to his definition of the happy life as a life made perfect by the possession of all good things such as health, wealth, friendship, knowledge, virtue all these are constituent parts of happiness. Happiness is the whole good of which they are component parts. That is how happiness is related to all other goods. For the question as to why do we want to be healthy, one could answer by saying à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ because by being healthy would enable us to do the different kind of work we want to do. If then asked, why do you want to do that kind of work, the crucial answer would be because you wanted to be happy. Now that if you were asked, why did you want to become or be happy, the only answer would be because you wanted to become and be happy. There is an argument as to what constitutes happiness. Is it pleasure, honor, health, wealth, knowledge or something else? Aristotle clarifies that happiness is not found in living for pleasure because such a life is slavish. Nor is it found in seeking honor because honor depends not on the person but on what others think of him. In addition, Aristotle holds that the happiness of a human can be defined by determining the function proper to the human soul. This function cannot be one that plants and animals also perform, because it must be particular to human beings. Therefore, the function must be a part of the practical life of the rational part of a human, the term practical implying determined conduct, which is possible only for rational beings. It follows, then, that happiness consists in the action of the rational part of a human. The ultimate good of a human should naturally flow from performing his function well. To constitute true happiness this action must persist with conti nuity throughout a lifetime. Aristotles argument can be considered flawed when he suggests only human beings with full use of reason can be considered happy because happiness comes by reasoning. Aristotle argues that what sets humans apart from animals are reason and the ability to perform actions that only humans can perform. Children are human, but until a certain age they cannot reason or perform actions. Though they are not animals but their reasoning capability is similar to animals. A child may be happy at any age and hence Aristotle cannot say that happiness is only for humans as they can reason. Animals can be happy, even if they lack reasoning. This level of happiness might not be familiar to humans, but it doesnt mean that they cannot be happy. There is another point in Aristotles argument that can be faulty. Aristotles search for the good is a search for the highest good. He assumes that the highest good, whatever it turns out to be, has three characteristics it is desirable for itself, it is not desirable for the sake of some other good, and all other goods are desirable for its sake. But someone can attain happiness by having other goods. In other words, cant a particular individual reach happiness through wealth, power, and honor? If that same individual has those things taken away, he is not happy. Those other goods are what help that individual reach Aristotles highest end. As without them happiness becomes reliant on those other goods in order for that individual to reach happiness, so happiness in some sense does depend on other goods. Can virtues and pleasures change mans definition of Happiness? It can be decided on that virtues, and pleasures bring happiness because happiness is an end result of these things. But situations can change your definitions of what virtues and pleasures bring you happiness. Thus stating that happiness can not only be attained by having some virtues and pleasures, you must have possessions of all virtues and pleasure to be truly happy and stay that way. However does that imply that you lack some virtues and pleasures, and that you can never be truly happy. For example a poor or sick man can never be truly happy. Can anyone ever be happy? According to Aristotle they can be happy and lead a happy life. If a man adheres to virtues and pleasures then there should be no reason for him not to be able to attain happiness. Aristotle also makes a point about having moral virtues not lying, not taking a personà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s life, and other morally right things. Being moral ly virtuous is a way to living a happy life. By not stealing, or killing, or lying one can be content in knowing he or she is good therefore bringing happiness. But can moral, truth build the absolute definition of good; can some lead a good life without lying in the world? If you are to be put in a situation where you must lie to help or save someone, would you be able to find that happiness even though you are not morally virtuous? If this is possible then is disproves Aristotles belief that you always must be morally virtuous to be happy. These situations can always arise and if one moral virtue is chosen over another does that mean that you will not be able to be happy with the outcome. If you do not need moral virtues, then what is it that is needed to be happy? There are certain traits and virtues which are necessary in todays world in order to ensure a happy life. Traits such as conformity, patience, self content, self assurance, as well as virtues such as justice and temperance are key elements in attaining happiness. If one does not learn to accept himself, reality, then how can he ever truly be happy with his life? We must be moral ly virtuous, but it cannot constitute our lives. Having a good character consists in nothing more than being willing to suffer some immediate pains or willing to give up some immediate pleasures for the sake of obtaining a greater good later on. It consists in nothing more than making the right choices. The right choices are always those that determine on, what is good in the long run. They are hard to make. But if we do not make them, we are likely to have some fun from day to day for a while, and in the long run ruin our lives. In the process of building our lives, Aristotle says we keep our eye on the future, and on the result we want to achieve for our life as a whole, counting all the days to come. What he teaches us is that we cannot become happy by living for the pleasures of the moment. We often have to choose between having a good time and leading a good life. And this is something, Aristotle says, most men often do not do. In this sense Aristotles theory can be credible. H appiness can be attained if a person leads a good life. The term a good life may be interpreted in many different ways, but ultimately a good life must be lead. Then and only then is happiness attained. Happiness cannot be seen as an immediate result, for all that would amount to be is a momentary pleasure. Happiness must be seen as an end result, and in thus being an end result it can only be achieved as a long term goal. To be happy is to attain a balance (the mean) between virtues, morals, pleasures, and goals. If a person can learn to find a balance and become content with his situation as a result of that balance, he will be happy. Throughout time people have claimed to have been happy, and it is universally known of what things we must do in our lives to be happy; be just, virtuous, and morally right. Consider the situation of this final paper It has taken me multiple hours to complete, and I have had troubles in writing it, but I write it to achieve a greater goal, a good grade. By achieving a good grade I will pass this class, and thus be happy, but there is always the chance that I may not get a good grade thus not achieving happiness. This possibility now presents a problem in all theories. No matter what we do, if we complete our duties and if we are morally virtuous, there are always cases that have the possibility of hindering us from achieving happiness even if that was our goal. Thus one must never lead his life by the assumptions of others, on what paths must be taken in order to achieve happiness or a good life. We must lead our own lives to the best of our ability, and in being at ease knowing we have made our own paths, then and only then can we really be happy. Overall Aristotles teachings have pointed out that happiness as an end in itself is the ultimate end and f unction of human beings. The only method of reaching this happiness is through reason. A life that does not exercise the role to reason will end up in some way being incomplete and never reach perfection. Therefore, reason is not only good for us but needed to reach an absolute existence.

Mr :: essays research papers

Legal Studies Assessment Law to punish miscarriage assaults ASSAULTS on pregnant women leading to the deaths of their unborn children will be punishable by up to 25 years in prison under new New South Wales laws. NSW Attorney-General Bob Debus said the Government would amend the definition of grievous bodily harm under the Crimes Act to include the loss of an unborn child. Mr Debus said the amendment would not interfere with existing abortion laws. He said the amendment was being introduced after the cases of Renee Shields who lost her unborn baby boy Byron in a road rage incident in 2001 and Kylie Flick who lost her unborn child after she was assaulted in 2002. "The amendment is specifically aimed at criminal attacks upon women, enabling the courts to give due recognition to the pain and trauma experienced by women like Renee Shields and Kylie Flick who lost their babies following senseless and brutal attacks," Mr Debus said. This particular article is about a new amendment that has been introduced that if an offender assaults a pregnant woman and causes a miscarriage then the offender will receive up to 25 years. I think this is a good idea, it causes women a lot of stress and emotional damage if they lose a child unborn or born, if a criminal is the cause of a baby’s death then the effect will be compensation of the woman by dealing the maximum punishment. This article concerns administrative law as it is a law introduced to help the rights of citizens. Unprovoked Man jailed for shooting girl February 24, 2005 A FATHER of two has been jailed for at least five years for the unprovoked shooting of a teenage girl. Riannon Pierce required emergency surgery after she was shot in the abdomen by Robin Paul Murdoch at her home at Macclesfield, south-east of Adelaide, during the early hours of January 1, 2003. The South Australian District Court heard Murdoch, 29, of Mount Barker, smiled as he fired the revolver and threatened: "If you tell anyone about this I'm going to shoot you. I'm going to kill you". He had met Riannon, now 17, just moments before the shooting. Halfway through his court trial, Murdoch pleaded guilty to carrying a loaded firearm in a public place and two charges of discharging a firearm with intent to annoy or frighten. He was further convicted by a jury of one charge of shooting with intent to do grievous bodily harm.

Divide by Two †Short Story Essay

They have set down a line of adobe blocks, three blocks wide and two blocksdeep, across the lawn between their cottage and ours, Belle said.â€Å"Yes, I know,† I said. I walked into the window and stood there, looking over attheir cottage. The piano music from the cottage came strong and clear. â€Å"I was here thismorning when he brought those blocks home.† I peeled my shirt; it was soggy withsweat. â€Å"He carried the blocks in the baggage compartment of their car. It took him allthree trips. He had three boys with him to help.† I shook my shirt in the cooling air andwalked in my room. â€Å"And I know where he got those blocks, too. There is aconstruction going on right now at engineering school. They have a pile of adobe blocksthere as high as the Cheops. You can’t miss it. You see it from the busline everytime.† In my room, the strains of piano music didn’t reach sustainedly.Belle had followed me into my room. â€Å"They have marked off boundaries,† shesaid. â€Å"They have defined limits.†I folded my shirt about the back of the armchair. â€Å"So they have,† I said. â€Å"So theyhave.† My undershirt was wet, too. I yanked it off.â€Å"It is all as if they have put up a fence,† Belle said.â€Å"Fences make good neighbors,† I said. I whipped the apple-green towel off the T- bar and rubbed myself briskly.â€Å"It might as well be the great wall of China,† Belle said.â€Å"Well, no, not really,† I said. â€Å"It is not as bad as that.† I returned the towel to thecrossbar. I looked around for a dry undershirt but did not find any. I went to the bedroom where my clothes-closet was. Belle followed me. There was no light in thecloset. The bulb hadn’t been changed since it went bad shortly after we moved into thecottage. I fumbled in the dark feeling with my fingers. In the darkness in the closet thestrains of the piano came steadily, strong and clear.â€Å"She is no Turk but she keeps playing the Turkish March,† Belle said.I knew where my undershirts would be and it didn’t take me long to find themwith my hands. I pulled one out and was putting it on while I walked back to the sala.â€Å"It is unkind, inconsiderate, not neighborly, not nice,† Belle said. I stopped beneath the light in the narrow passage from the bedroom to the sala between the book-closets and the bathroom, one arm through one armhole, half out of thesando shirt the neck of which I held open with my hands. I looked at Belle. â€Å"Comeagain, Belle?† I asked.Belle said again the denunciatory words.I got my head through the armhole, got into the shirt. I walked on to the sala. Ididn’t know how tired I was until I fell back on the lounging chair.Belle picked up the foot stool, brought it near my chair and sat down. â€Å"The leastthing they could have done was to tell us first about it.†I felt very tired and shut my eyes and didn’t say anything.â€Å"Don’t you think they owed it to us?† Belle asked. â€Å"Out of regards for our feelings shouldn’t they have asked us how we feel about the fence?† The piano music threaded through the words like leitmotif. â€Å"How is that again,Belle?† I asked.â€Å"They have no regard for us,† Belle said. â€Å"They don’t care what we think. Theydon’t mind what we feel. As far as they are concerned, we are not human.†The piano came jubilantly threading through the words.â€Å"Is that right, Belle?† I asked.â€Å"Don’t you think they should at least have gone to us and said: Look here, you!We are putting up this boundary, see? You keep to your side of these markers and wewill keep to ours, understand?† Belle asked.â€Å"Do you really think that?† I asked.â€Å"Yes, I do,† Belle said. â€Å"Distinctly, don’t you?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I don’t know.† I said. â€Å"I haven’t thought about it.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Well, then,† Belle said, â€Å"think about it. You can start thinking about it now.†I wondered why now the words kept ringing clear to me. Then I felt and sensedthat the piano had been stilled. Suddenly the night was silent, suddenly the air was still.I rose from the lounging chair. I walked to the globe-traveler near the wall outlet, plugged the cord in and snapped the lid open. Belle followed me. I was playing therange disk for music when Belled leaned forward and snapped the lid shut. â€Å"What’s the matter, Belle? I asked.â€Å"There’s nothing the matter.† Belle said.â€Å"Well, then get off,† I said. â€Å"Get off them and get off me.†Belle was silent for a moment. Then: â€Å"It is she,† she said.â€Å"What about her?† I asked.â€Å"I don’t think she likes me,† Belle said.â€Å"She doesn’t like anyone,† I said. â€Å"What makes you think so?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have given her things.† Belle said. â€Å"They don’t seem to make an impression onher. I gave her cheese on her last birthday. She didn’t even thank me.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why do you have to go around giving people things for?† I asked. â€Å"Maybe shedoesn’t like cheese. Maybe the cheese wasn’t such a good idea.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"She doesn’t like me.† Belle said. â€Å"And she doesn’t like anyone to like me†¦when he gave me flowers from her garden, I don’t think she liked that.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Who would?† I asked. â€Å"Maybe the flowers weren’t such a good idea either.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"He was only being friendly as I was,† Belle said.â€Å"Oh, yes,† I said.â€Å"He was only being neighborly as I believe in being,† Belle said.â€Å"Sure, sure,† I said.â€Å"But she doesn’t like to be and I don’t think she believes in being,† Belle said.â€Å"And I don’t think she wants him to be either.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, well, Belle,† I said. â€Å"I don’t really know them. It is you they really know.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, you do, too,† Belle said. â€Å"You ride with them too sometimes.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I did that only once,† I said. â€Å"I rode with them on the front seat. She tapped himon the thigh when she got off at Pavilion 2. That was the last time.â⠂¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"Did that bother you?† Belle asked. â€Å"Not that in itself,† I said. â€Å"Only the demonstrativeness: as if to show that she ishis and he is hers.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What about the demonstrativeness of puttering about her garden in very shortshorts?† Belle asked.â€Å"When you visited the area for the first time to see the cottages, was he looking atthe cottages too-and the third time?† I asked.â€Å"He was going to look at the cottages himself,† Belle said. â€Å"He was only beingfriendly.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"And the second time you looked at the cottages, he was looking at the cottagestoo-and the third time?† I asked.â€Å"That was for our going to be neighbors,† Belle said.â€Å"There are forty cottages in this area,† I said. â€Å"Why did we have to pick up thisone right next to theirs?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It was as much your choice as it was mine,† Belle said.â€Å"So it was,† I said. â€Å"So it can’t be helped.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"No, it can’t,† Belle s aid.â€Å"All right, then. Get off. Get off them and get off me,† I said. â€Å"But you must do something,† Belle said.â€Å"What about?† I asked.â€Å"They didn’t set the adobe markers right,† Belle said. â€Å"They have been laidnearer our cottage than theirs. Their half of the lawn is bigger than ours.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is that right?† I asked. I walked to the window. It wasn’t too dark to see theadobe markers gleaming in the ghostly light. I saw the flowers, too-the roses, the zinnias,the dahlias, the African daisies-swaying like specters in the night. Walking back to mychair, I looked up at the clock. It was getting on a quarter to nine. The clock began tochime just as I got to the lounging chair. I sat down and put my feet up on the stool.â€Å"Their half of the lawn is bigger than ours,† Belle said.â€Å"Maybe they need all the lawn they can get so she can plant them all to flowers,† Isaid. â€Å"They haven’t divided the lawn fairly,† Belle said.â€Å"You mean the halves are not equal? The halves are not halves? I asked.â€Å"What’s the matter with you?† Belle said.â€Å"What’s the matter with him?† I asked. â€Å"Isn’t he a doctor of mathematics or something? A fine doctor of mathematics he’s turned out to be if he can’t even divide bytwo!†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What’s eating you?† Belle asked.â€Å"Maybe he should have brought a survey team with him and used a transit, a plumbline, and a pole,† I said. â€Å"Maybe he could divide by two then. Maybe he couldeven divide by ten.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Don’t tell me,† Belle said, â€Å"Tell him. Tell them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"For crying out loud.† I said.â€Å"Go ahead,† Belle said. â€Å"Go over. Tell them off. Tell them where to get off.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Get off, Belle,† I said. â€Å"Get off them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"If you won’t, I shall,† Belle said.â€Å"Get off me,† I said.â€Å"If you don’t, I shall,† Belle said. â€Å"I shall right now.† She started for the door.â€Å"For crying out loud, Belle,† I said. â€Å"I don’t know them well enough to speak tothem. I shall write them a note.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"All right,† Belle said.The portable typewriter was in the case under my bed. I set it up at the head of the dining table. When I pulled my hands away from lifting the case, they were coveredwith dust. I removed the lid but didn’t take the machine off its base. The inside cornersof the lid were spun with cobwebs. There were webs between the machine and the ridgeof the base. I couldn’t find any white paper anywhere so I decided to use one sheet fromthe legal size pad of rules yellow paper.I didn’t date the note. I made it short and to the point. It was fascinating to watchthe keys falling forward and then back leaving the black marks on the yellow sheet. As Ityped I heard the opening bars of Marriage of Figaro from the high fidelity radio- phonograph next door. (â€Å"Mathematics and Mozart,† I said. â€Å"Mozart and Mathematics.†)I typed on my name but didn’t sign it. When I saw that I had not quite filled half the sheet, I folded it once and tore it in half. I fed the clean half back to the machine andhanded the other half to Belle. â€Å"There you are.† I said. â€Å"Short and sweet: I hope helikes it.†Belle read the note. After she finished, she didn’t say a word. â€Å"Is it all right?† Iasked.â€Å"Yes,† Belle said. â€Å"Then send it off,† I said.â€Å"All right,† Belle said. She called Nata and had the note delivered at once.I didn’t get to hear Mozart to the end of the night. About halfway through theopera (that would be after Face I of the long playing record), the player was snapped off.Then I saw him leave their cottage.I sat up erect in my chair and watched him head bob up and down as he walkedout to Finchshafen road. When he turned up the road and I knew where he was going, Istood up. I walked up to the screen door and watched him walk up the concrete walk tothe porch steps. He stopped at the foot of the stairs. I looked down through thewirescreen at his upturned face.â€Å"Yes?† I asked.â€Å"Can I see you for a minute?† he asked.â€Å"Me?† I asked.â€Å"Yes, you,† he said.â€Å"Won’t you come up?† I asked.â€Å"No,† he said. â€Å"I’d much rather talk to you on the street.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"All right,† I said. â€Å"If that’s the way you feel about it.†I joined him at the foot of the porch steps. We walked down the cement walk together. As we went past the shelter of the cottage, a blast of the cold night air struck my face. I felt my left cheek twitching.â€Å"Yes?† I asked. â€Å"What’s on your mind?† We walked down Finchshafen road. He didn’t say anything for a long time. Ilooked at him. I had never spoken to him before. He considered a long time, longenough for me to be able to look back at the house to see if Belle was at the windowwatching.When he spoke, his first words were: â€Å"Have you and Belle been fighting?† Itwas not only words, it was also the way he said them: my left cheek was twitching so badly it was almost spastic. He had spoken so softly and in such a low-pitched voice I barely heard him. It was as if he didn’t wish either his house or my house to hear; as if we were conspirators both and we were plotting a conspiracy together.â€Å"Fighting?† I asked. â€Å"What about? What for? What are you talking about?† Isought his face for the guilt that could only be the mirror of the guilt in my own. We stood in Finchshafen road halway between out cottages; we were waiting tocatch the guilt upon our faces which nonetheless we were mortally afraid to see? I stoodon the upper slope of the road towards our house and he stood on the lower slope in thedirection of his.â€Å"Your note wasn’t very friendly,† he said. â€Å"It wasn’t very neighborly.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Why should it be?† I added. â€Å"It wasn’t meant to be.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh, so,† he said. â€Å"It wasn’t meant to be.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"You bet your life it wasn’t,† I said.â€Å"Well, if that’s the way you feel about it,† he said.â€Å"How else did you expect me to feel?† I asked.â€Å"In that case then,† he said. â€Å"You can appeal to authority and I shall not move theadobe blocks an inch.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"For Christ sake,† I said. â€Å"Who is talking about authority? Who is talking aboutadobe blocks?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Don’t raise you r voice,† he said.â€Å"Why shouldn’t I raise my voice?† I asked.â€Å"Don’t shout at me,† he said.â€Å"I shall shout at you if you please,† I said. It was a cool clear lovely night. The sky was clear and cool and full of stars. Thesky and the stars seemed very far away but the air was clear and you could see all theway up to the sky and the stars and it seemed a long, long way. There was a very palemoon and a very cool wind was sweeping the pale moon and the white clouds before itall the way across the sky.Across and up and down Finchshafen road in the cottages, people were comingout of their porches to listen and to watch. I looked back at out house to see if Belle wasthere standing behind the window wirescreen and I looked at their house too.â€Å"A plague on both our houses,† I said.Belle wasn’t on our porch when I looked; I didn’t hear her go down the porchsteps, down the concrete walk, out to and down Finchshafen road.â€Å"I shouldn’t even be talking to you; this is pestilence,† I said.I didn’t feel Belle around until I heard her voice rising shrill and clear and abovethe snarl of our voices. She was standing beside me and before him and shouting in hisface.â€Å"For Christ sake, Belle,† I said. â€Å"Let go. This is man’s work.†She couldn’t hear me.Her voice rose clear and passionate, piercing and shrill in the inviolate night. I pulled at her arm to make her turn to me. I thrust my face savagely before her.â€Å"For Christ sake, Belle,† I said. â€Å"Get off. This is my fight and the adversary ismine.†Belle couldn’t see me for the fury that possessed her purely.I sought her face but couldn’t look there long. Even as I turned away I had afleeting glimpse of my declared adversary’s face: the shock there was not more than theshock of mine.â€Å"For Christ sake, Belle, let go. This is man’s work. I have met the enemy and heis mine. Let go, get off. This is my fight, not yours. The enemy is mine,† I said as I pulled her and dragged her bodily away.

Brokeback Mountain

Although the story of â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† has been classified as â€Å"the gay cowboy story†, it contrarily is the tale two young men who strive to come to acceptance of who they are in a society which demands something so different from the taboo nature of this union. Originally written as a short story by Annie Proulx, this story that started off as one of the most real tales of her fictitious stories took up almost 30 pages that covered a relationship that lasted 20 years and was adapted into film with a delicate yet balanced symposium of cinematic screenplay and cinematography.The elements of the story and its adaptation go to reinforce different aspects and beliefs that have been developed and poeticize the relationship of Ennis and Jack paralleling the beauty of the surrounding landscapes and mountain ranges. In the process of adapting this short story to the silver screen, screenwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana added to Annie Proulx’s story ce rtain details and elements to enhance the development of the plot and characters.The most obvious of these additions that take place for both Ennis and Jack with the expansion of different relationships with some of the minor characters, some of which were not in the original story. Jack’s relationship with his father-in-law was always a tense one. L. D. felt as though Jack was not only completely inadequate for Lureen but also for the greater community.This resentment brewed inside Jack until one Thanksgiving Day where he established his competence and authority by threatening his father-in-law into submission. L. D. fell silent to Jack after he commands â€Å"Sit down, you old son of a bitch†¦ This is my house†¦ or I’ll knock your ignorant ass into next week† (66. ). Jack’s unsteady grasp of who he was and what his role in life as a closet homosexual was further expanded with the introduction of a couple who just moved to Texas.While at some s ocial function, the two husbands, Jack and Randall, were out having a cigarette and Randall suggested to go up fishing at a cabin nearby with some whiskey to just â€Å"get away† (76. ) thus introducing a new relationship and chapter in Jack’s homosexuality that supposedly brought his demise at the end. In comparison, Ennis’ added element in the film was a bit more drawn out and expanded on to further develop his sense of solidarity and relationship he maintained with his daughter Alma Jr. A new character not originally from he short story was introduced as a waitress named Cassie who he develops something of a relationship with for a short period of time. This relationship would develop so much so that time spent with his daughter would be at the same bar Ennis and Cassie met. despite the resentment Junior felt for sharing what little time she had with her father. In the end, his distance in the relationship, caused by his feelings for Jack, drove her away thus being twice â€Å"burned† (16) and further sinking into solidarity.In Proulx’s supplementary essay â€Å"Getting Movied†, she describes herself to be â€Å"something of a geographic determinist, believing that regional landscapes, climate and topography dictate local cultural traditions and kinds of work† (129). Director Ang Lee must use numerous visual elements that enhance Proulx’s belief and portray it to the audience. Producer and screenwriter Larry McMurtry had a vision in mind based off of Ansel Adams’ Moonrise, Hernandez, New Meixco. This became the foundation for the locations that were to portray Riverton and the other towns and establishments in Wyoming.The vastness of space that filled the background with nature’s beauty of the Big Horn Mountains would contain the foreground of a somewhat desolate ranching society scarcely filled and obviously behind in the times to comment on the simplicity of the culture where most of it s inhabitants lived paycheck to paycheck and ranch to ranch. The cinematography of â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† would not only play a crucial part with Proulx being a â€Å"geographic determinist† but also with Larry McMurtry’s classification â€Å"lyrical pastoralism†.In his essay â€Å"Adapting Brokeback Mountain†, McMurtry describes director Ang Lee as â€Å"a reluctant, even an unwilling, pastoralist†¦ [getting] as much of the grit of the towns as he can† (141). Having the foundation set with the Ansel Adams photograph mentioned earlier, this would set the dichotomy between the two lives both Ennis and Jack choose to lead poeticizing their relationship with the majestic mountains and landscapes of the Big Horn Mountains be the symbol and meeting place for their unadulterated love to flourish and the grit of the poverty stricken towns be a symbol of their daily torment of leading a double life.Annie Proulx’s â€Å"Brokeback Moun tain† started as fictitious story inspired by some random lonesome bar patron who was staring at a group cowboys shooting pool and grew to be a Pulitzer Prize finalist entry and an Oscar-winning feature for best director and, most importantly, best screenplay adaptation.From the imagination of the writer to the technical skills of a film crew, â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† became a testament to the times and trials of the American West and its inhabitants who struggle throughout their lives to either sustain their way of life or find who they truly are. With the realistic foundation, drive of the creative team, unique cinematography and superb acting, the story of Ennis and Jack came to life not only as a struggling love story but one of sorrow and joy, suffering and bliss, serenity and violence, simply love and hate.Their tale lasted through the troubling times of the homophobic conservative American West and unfortunately succumbed to intolerance and hatred unfortunately much like the characters’ neighbor in Laramie, Matthew Shepard. Struggling each step of the way throughout this relationship, the main characters would finally come to grips with the hinderance of their relationship and even their own mortality only to say at the end of all things â€Å"if you can’t fix it, you’ve got to stand it† (28). Brokeback Mountain Brokeback Mountain was a much talked about movie due to its theme. Some labelled the movie as a ‘gay cowboy movie’, which does not do the movie justice. Yes, the movie is about two cowboys who fall in love with each other but to categorize it as just a ‘gay cowboy movie’ simplifies a love story of a group of people that have often been denied of real representation in the media, especially the mainstream media. The movie opens in 1963 in Wyoming when two young cowboys are looking for work as sheep herder.The two cowboys, Ennis Del Mar (Heath Ledger) and Jack Twist (Jake Gyllenhaal), are sent to Brokeback mountain to herd sheep’s and it is there that both fall in love with each other. After this realization, both go their separate ways; Ennis back home to his sweetheart, Alma (Michelle Williams) and Jack to Texas to be a rodeo rider. Four years later, the two are reunited when Jack visits Ennis. At this point both men are married with kids; Ennis to Al ma and Jack to Lureen (Anne Hathaway).The two meet together once a year in Brokeback Mountain, the one place both men feel safe and comfortable to express their love for each other, over a 20-year period. Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal masterfully portrayed their characters to a tee. Ennis Del Mar is a very simple and quite man who just wants to find a place for himself in the world while Jack Twist is outgoing, full of dreams which, due to the blatant homophobia of the time and location, cannot come true. Jack’s dream is to live with Ennis in their own ranch, a dream that Ennis knows is unrealistic.Ennis is tormented by his love for Jack because as a child he witnessed what happened to a man who lived in a union others deemed not right while Jack is tormented by Ennis’s refusal to accept and acknowledge their relationship beyond Brokeback Mountain. Some in the mainstream media, which took some people by surprise, positively received Brokeback Mountain. The movie was critically praised and received many awards for the actors and director. Heath Ledger was nominated for the best actor category in a drama, Michelle Williams for best supporting actress in a drama and Ang Lee for director, which he won at the Oscar’s.Since Brokeback Mountain came out, there have been several shows and movies that have gay, lesbian, bi-sexual, transgender and transsexual (tblg) characters featured. Ang Lee said it best when he accepted his award for director for Brokeback Mountain â€Å"the power of movies to change the way we’re thinking† (Globes goes to ‘Brokeback’, ‘Walk the lines’; International Herald Tribute, January 17, 2006). Only time will tell if this will led to society being more open-minded of people from the tblg community. A good indication of acceptance is when such movies are classified as a romantic movie instead of a ‘gay cowboy movie’ Brokeback Mountain Although the story of â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† has been classified as â€Å"the gay cowboy story†, it contrarily is the tale two young men who strive to come to acceptance of who they are in a society which demands something so different from the taboo nature of this union. Originally written as a short story by Annie Proulx, this story that started off as one of the most real tales of her fictitious stories took up almost 30 pages that covered a relationship that lasted 20 years and was adapted into film with a delicate yet balanced symposium of cinematic screenplay and cinematography.The elements of the story and its adaptation go to reinforce different aspects and beliefs that have been developed and poeticize the relationship of Ennis and Jack paralleling the beauty of the surrounding landscapes and mountain ranges. In the process of adapting this short story to the silver screen, screenwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana added to Annie Proulx’s story ce rtain details and elements to enhance the development of the plot and characters.The most obvious of these additions that take place for both Ennis and Jack with the expansion of different relationships with some of the minor characters, some of which were not in the original story. Jack’s relationship with his father-in-law was always a tense one. L. D. felt as though Jack was not only completely inadequate for Lureen but also for the greater community.This resentment brewed inside Jack until one Thanksgiving Day where he established his competence and authority by threatening his father-in-law into submission. L. D. fell silent to Jack after he commands â€Å"Sit down, you old son of a bitch†¦ This is my house†¦ or I’ll knock your ignorant ass into next week† (66. ). Jack’s unsteady grasp of who he was and what his role in life as a closet homosexual was further expanded with the introduction of a couple who just moved to Texas.While at some s ocial function, the two husbands, Jack and Randall, were out having a cigarette and Randall suggested to go up fishing at a cabin nearby with some whiskey to just â€Å"get away† (76. ) thus introducing a new relationship and chapter in Jack’s homosexuality that supposedly brought his demise at the end. In comparison, Ennis’ added element in the film was a bit more drawn out and expanded on to further develop his sense of solidarity and relationship he maintained with his daughter Alma Jr. A new character not originally from he short story was introduced as a waitress named Cassie who he develops something of a relationship with for a short period of time. This relationship would develop so much so that time spent with his daughter would be at the same bar Ennis and Cassie met. despite the resentment Junior felt for sharing what little time she had with her father. In the end, his distance in the relationship, caused by his feelings for Jack, drove her away thus being twice â€Å"burned† (16) and further sinking into solidarity.In Proulx’s supplementary essay â€Å"Getting Movied†, she describes herself to be â€Å"something of a geographic determinist, believing that regional landscapes, climate and topography dictate local cultural traditions and kinds of work† (129). Director Ang Lee must use numerous visual elements that enhance Proulx’s belief and portray it to the audience. Producer and screenwriter Larry McMurtry had a vision in mind based off of Ansel Adams’ Moonrise, Hernandez, New Meixco. This became the foundation for the locations that were to portray Riverton and the other towns and establishments in Wyoming.The vastness of space that filled the background with nature’s beauty of the Big Horn Mountains would contain the foreground of a somewhat desolate ranching society scarcely filled and obviously behind in the times to comment on the simplicity of the culture where most of it s inhabitants lived paycheck to paycheck and ranch to ranch. The cinematography of â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† would not only play a crucial part with Proulx being a â€Å"geographic determinist† but also with Larry McMurtry’s classification â€Å"lyrical pastoralism†.In his essay â€Å"Adapting Brokeback Mountain†, McMurtry describes director Ang Lee as â€Å"a reluctant, even an unwilling, pastoralist†¦ [getting] as much of the grit of the towns as he can† (141). Having the foundation set with the Ansel Adams photograph mentioned earlier, this would set the dichotomy between the two lives both Ennis and Jack choose to lead poeticizing their relationship with the majestic mountains and landscapes of the Big Horn Mountains be the symbol and meeting place for their unadulterated love to flourish and the grit of the poverty stricken towns be a symbol of their daily torment of leading a double life.Annie Proulx’s â€Å"Brokeback Moun tain† started as fictitious story inspired by some random lonesome bar patron who was staring at a group cowboys shooting pool and grew to be a Pulitzer Prize finalist entry and an Oscar-winning feature for best director and, most importantly, best screenplay adaptation.From the imagination of the writer to the technical skills of a film crew, â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† became a testament to the times and trials of the American West and its inhabitants who struggle throughout their lives to either sustain their way of life or find who they truly are. With the realistic foundation, drive of the creative team, unique cinematography and superb acting, the story of Ennis and Jack came to life not only as a struggling love story but one of sorrow and joy, suffering and bliss, serenity and violence, simply love and hate.Their tale lasted through the troubling times of the homophobic conservative American West and unfortunately succumbed to intolerance and hatred unfortunately much like the characters’ neighbor in Laramie, Matthew Shepard. Struggling each step of the way throughout this relationship, the main characters would finally come to grips with the hinderance of their relationship and even their own mortality only to say at the end of all things â€Å"if you can’t fix it, you’ve got to stand it† (28). Brokeback Mountain Although the story of â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† has been classified as â€Å"the gay cowboy story†, it contrarily is the tale two young men who strive to come to acceptance of who they are in a society which demands something so different from the taboo nature of this union. Originally written as a short story by Annie Proulx, this story that started off as one of the most real tales of her fictitious stories took up almost 30 pages that covered a relationship that lasted 20 years and was adapted into film with a delicate yet balanced symposium of cinematic screenplay and cinematography.The elements of the story and its adaptation go to reinforce different aspects and beliefs that have been developed and poeticize the relationship of Ennis and Jack paralleling the beauty of the surrounding landscapes and mountain ranges. In the process of adapting this short story to the silver screen, screenwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana added to Annie Proulx’s story ce rtain details and elements to enhance the development of the plot and characters.The most obvious of these additions that take place for both Ennis and Jack with the expansion of different relationships with some of the minor characters, some of which were not in the original story. Jack’s relationship with his father-in-law was always a tense one. L. D. felt as though Jack was not only completely inadequate for Lureen but also for the greater community.This resentment brewed inside Jack until one Thanksgiving Day where he established his competence and authority by threatening his father-in-law into submission. L. D. fell silent to Jack after he commands â€Å"Sit down, you old son of a bitch†¦ This is my house†¦ or I’ll knock your ignorant ass into next week† (66. ). Jack’s unsteady grasp of who he was and what his role in life as a closet homosexual was further expanded with the introduction of a couple who just moved to Texas.While at some s ocial function, the two husbands, Jack and Randall, were out having a cigarette and Randall suggested to go up fishing at a cabin nearby with some whiskey to just â€Å"get away† (76. ) thus introducing a new relationship and chapter in Jack’s homosexuality that supposedly brought his demise at the end. In comparison, Ennis’ added element in the film was a bit more drawn out and expanded on to further develop his sense of solidarity and relationship he maintained with his daughter Alma Jr. A new character not originally from he short story was introduced as a waitress named Cassie who he develops something of a relationship with for a short period of time. This relationship would develop so much so that time spent with his daughter would be at the same bar Ennis and Cassie met. despite the resentment Junior felt for sharing what little time she had with her father. In the end, his distance in the relationship, caused by his feelings for Jack, drove her away thus being twice â€Å"burned† (16) and further sinking into solidarity.In Proulx’s supplementary essay â€Å"Getting Movied†, she describes herself to be â€Å"something of a geographic determinist, believing that regional landscapes, climate and topography dictate local cultural traditions and kinds of work† (129). Director Ang Lee must use numerous visual elements that enhance Proulx’s belief and portray it to the audience. Producer and screenwriter Larry McMurtry had a vision in mind based off of Ansel Adams’ Moonrise, Hernandez, New Meixco. This became the foundation for the locations that were to portray Riverton and the other towns and establishments in Wyoming.The vastness of space that filled the background with nature’s beauty of the Big Horn Mountains would contain the foreground of a somewhat desolate ranching society scarcely filled and obviously behind in the times to comment on the simplicity of the culture where most of it s inhabitants lived paycheck to paycheck and ranch to ranch. The cinematography of â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† would not only play a crucial part with Proulx being a â€Å"geographic determinist† but also with Larry McMurtry’s classification â€Å"lyrical pastoralism†.In his essay â€Å"Adapting Brokeback Mountain†, McMurtry describes director Ang Lee as â€Å"a reluctant, even an unwilling, pastoralist†¦ [getting] as much of the grit of the towns as he can† (141). Having the foundation set with the Ansel Adams photograph mentioned earlier, this would set the dichotomy between the two lives both Ennis and Jack choose to lead poeticizing their relationship with the majestic mountains and landscapes of the Big Horn Mountains be the symbol and meeting place for their unadulterated love to flourish and the grit of the poverty stricken towns be a symbol of their daily torment of leading a double life.Annie Proulx’s â€Å"Brokeback Moun tain† started as fictitious story inspired by some random lonesome bar patron who was staring at a group cowboys shooting pool and grew to be a Pulitzer Prize finalist entry and an Oscar-winning feature for best director and, most importantly, best screenplay adaptation.From the imagination of the writer to the technical skills of a film crew, â€Å"Brokeback Mountain† became a testament to the times and trials of the American West and its inhabitants who struggle throughout their lives to either sustain their way of life or find who they truly are. With the realistic foundation, drive of the creative team, unique cinematography and superb acting, the story of Ennis and Jack came to life not only as a struggling love story but one of sorrow and joy, suffering and bliss, serenity and violence, simply love and hate.Their tale lasted through the troubling times of the homophobic conservative American West and unfortunately succumbed to intolerance and hatred unfortunately much like the characters’ neighbor in Laramie, Matthew Shepard. Struggling each step of the way throughout this relationship, the main characters would finally come to grips with the hinderance of their relationship and even their own mortality only to say at the end of all things â€Å"if you can’t fix it, you’ve got to stand it† (28).

Eye Witness Testimony †Psychology Essay

Eye Witness Testimony – Psychology Essay Free Online Research Papers A witness is someone who has firsthand knowledge about a crime through their senses and can certify to its happening and someone who has seen an event at firsthand is known as an eyewitness. Witnesses are often called before a court of law to testify in trials and their testimony is considered crucial in the identification and arrest of a suspect and the likelihood of a jury convicting a defendant. Eyewitness testimony needs to be reliable as it can have serious implications to the perceived guilt/innocence of a defendant. Bartlett’s study involved the Indian folk story ‘War of the Ghosts’. He wanted to investigate the effect of schema on participant’s recall of a story. Participants were asked to read the story and then asked to recall it after a period of time. He found that the story became shorter and participants often added their own interpretation and the whole theme of the ghosts was often forgotten. Bartlett decided that memory is not accurate and is actively constructed using schemas. A study by Loftus and Palmer in 1974 looked at the effects of language on recall in eyewitness testimony. They wanted to show that leading questions could have an effect on the memory. Participants were shown a video of a car accident and then, as if they were eyewitnesses they were asked to describe what had happened. Specific questions were asked including â€Å"about how fast the cars were going when they hit / smashed / collided / bumped / contacted. A week later the participants were asked â€Å"did you see the broken glass†. The findings showed that the estimated speed was affected by the verb used in the question. The group with the verb smashed estimated the speed to be 40.5 mph yet the group with the verb contacted only estimated the speed to be 31.8 mph. The stronger the verb the higher the estimated speed, when the participants were asked if they saw the broken glass it was found that out of the group with the verb ‘smashed’ over 32% said they had seen the glass where only 14% in the group with the verb ‘hit’ said they had seen it. There was in fact no broken glass. Our schemas tell us it is reasonable to assume that there would be broken glass at the site of a car accident when the word smashed is used. The strengths of the study were that it was a controlled experiment and Loftus could control all the extraneous variables, the study could be easily replicated and it had real life implications for eye witness testimony. There was however some weaknesses in that the study lacked ecological validity, it was ethically questionable and the participants were all students and therefore may not be a representative sample. Loftus and Zanni (1975) did another study to show that it wasn’t only a verb that would have implications for the memory but that changing the word ‘a’ or ‘the’ could also have a dramatic effect. Participants were shown a video of a car accident, and then one group was asked â€Å"Did you see a broken headlight?† and the other group was asked â€Å"Did you see the broken headlight?† There wasn’t actually a broken headlight but the group asked the ‘the’ question assumed the headlight was broken and 15% said they had seen it whereas only 7% of the ‘a’ group answered yes. The use of the word ‘the’ makes the assumption that the car headlight was actually broken. In conclusion this essay has shown that eyewitness testimony and those witnesses can be lead into giving what they believed to be true recollections of a crime or incident with the use of different verbs or changing the definite article. Research Papers on Eye Witness Testimony - Psychology EssayThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMind TravelResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingThree Concepts of PsychodynamicUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHip-Hop is ArtIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings

The Article Summaries and Reaction Paper Management of Computers Essay

The Article Summaries and Reaction Paper Management of Computers - Essay Example Proper management of computers in the classroom and lab are so significant in the learning process of the students and so to the security and life of the computer system itself. The Net Support School or NSS, offers a comprehensive and proper management in the use of computers in classroom and computer lab. Their main objective is how to manage the use of computer, printers, and the devices more effectively. Teachers should act as administrator to control the user privileges of the students, they can also log-in and log-off remotely to student's computers through his unit. They can also monitor the screen of every student simultaneously as to observe what the students are doing. During the discussions, monitors or screens of the student's computers should be blank, keyboard and mouse must be locked to gain their focus and attentions. Considering that computer printing is important, teachers should also control the page limit of every student. Computers are subjective to malwares, spywares and other form of viruses, thus teacher or laboratory in-charge should not allow copying of files from USB devices and CDROMS to the hard drives or hard disk. The capabili ty to transfer files or handouts to selected computers and even to all units is also an advantage with regard to time management. In summarizing the proper management of computers, teachers can control various computer privileges such as; application and internet metering and control, teacher security, internet safe search, printer control and device control (Intel.com). Like the Net Support School, Intel Education Initiative also explained how to manage the computer use effectively, because they know that allocating more time for students in using the computer is so important. They are also taking into consideration about the subject matter, like, having a focus on discrete activities, where work activities are well-defined by the teachers to let the students do a desirable project immediately. They believed that computers must not be used in internet research during work activities for it is just a waste of time, since it could be assigned as homework to students. Creating a checklist for a task and a timeline respectively will help students to be more productive and efficient toward their work. It is also important that proper and appropriate use of computer must be implemented, and whatever inappropriate action will result in losing and deactivation of students' computer access and privilege as a form of their punishment. The computer classroom m ust be made available before school time, during break time, and after school time especially for students who don't have computers at home (Netsupportschool.com). In relation to my own professional thinking, both of the two articles were implementing better practice in proper management of computers in classroom and computer lab. I agree that the teachers should also be the administrator at the same time in terms of giving user access and privilege. Aside from the teaching procedures and guidelines, being a good administrator will also result to harmonious and smooth sailing learning for students. I also agree that during the discussions and defining of task, the monitor, mouse and keyboard should be disabled to let the students listen attentively. In addition to their principles of management, I would like to encourage that the classroom and com

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of Essay

Outline and discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as means of valuing securities and their risk. What are the drawbacks - Essay Example Thus each firm has to bear the cost of debt and cost of equity. These costs are calculated through various financial models designed to give an accurate analysis of the costs the firms have to bear. There are three models used by analysts and firms to calculate their cost of capital; the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the Dividend Valuation Model and the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. The focus of this report is the CAPM model and a comparison between this model and the Dividend Valuation Model. â€Å"The capital asset pricing model attributable to Sharpe (1964) is a cornerstone of modern financial theory and originates from the analysis of the cost of capital.† (Chouodary 2004) this market model encompasses the concept of risk and comes under the domain of risk premium market models. This model takes into account the risks borne by the investor for investing in the securities. When an investor puts his money in any security he faces many risks ranging from liquidity to inflat ion etc. The underlying principle of the capital asset pricing model is that investors want to be compensated for bearing the risk in the form of extra return. This extra return is over and above the risk free rate as risk free securities have no risk due to their guaranteed nature. All government securities are risk free as the government will pay back all its investors and there is no default involved in this case. Thus, before actually giving you the CAPM equation one needs to understand the logic of risk and return i.e. the concepts that make up the component of the CAPM equation. Risk and return valuations are the most important part of investment decisions. The risk and return go proportionately with each other i.e. greater the risk greater will be the return. Deriving from the basics an expected return is the mean of the probability distribution of possible future returns. ‘The expected return on an investment is the average return from the investment and is calculated as the probability weighted sum of all potential returns.’(Rao, 1989) The concept of risk and return arises due to the uncertainty of future outcomes. The underlying factor here is that the actual return received may be different from the expected return, thus generating risk for the investors. All financial assets produce cash flows and the riskiness of these assets is derived from the riskiness of these cash flows. An asset considered in isolation carries stand-alone risk and is considered to be less risky as compared to when it is held in a portfolio. In a portfolio, assets with different expected return are grouped together. The risk of the portfolio is divided into two parts: diversifiable risk and market risk. The diversifiable risk is the one that can be eliminated and therefore this type of risk is not accounted for in the risk computation. The risk that the investors are really interested in calculating is the market risk (the non-diversifiable risk) i.e. the relevan t risk which arises from the broad market movements. The measures of the risk are variance and standard deviation. The variance of a stock can be calculated using the below formula provided the required rate of return is given: N Var(R) = ?2 = ? pi(Ri – E[R])2 i=1 Where: N = the number of states pi = the probability of state i Ri = the return on the stock in state i E[R] = the expected return on the stock The positive square root of variance is standards deviation which